THE LIFE.......

Scientifically, the first half of the twentieth century was the most successful period for empirically based sciences. Basically, explorations in physics and chemistry paved a path on which science could delimitate validity claims against all other concepts of thoughts such as the broad range of philosophical disciplines, theology, and poetry. Philosophers and physicists such as Wittgenstein, Carnap, Goedel, Russell, and Tarski suggested that exact sciences are strictly based on exact scientific sentences describing empirical facts coherent with observations and measurements in experimental setups (Wittgenstein, 1922; Carnap, 1931, 1939; Gödel, 1931).
The formal language to describe this was mathematical equations that would depict material reality. Information theory and cybernetic systems theory encouraged this progress (Bertalanffy, 1940; Wiener, 1948; Shannon and Weaver, 1949; Turing, 1950; Neumann, 1966). Milestone publication, “Principia Mathematica,” outlined by Bertrand Russel and Alfred North Whitehead was further developed by David Hilberts axiomatic system with error-free logical sentences (Whitehead and Russell, 1910/1912/1913; Hilbert and Bernays, 1934/1939). This exact scientific language was applied to nearly all disciplines of scientific investigations in natural sciences as well as social sciences.
Molecular biology, genetics, and biochemistry started their success stories, which have lasted until today. The role of physicalism in biology was so dominant that biology became a subdiscipline of physics and chemistry (Brenner, 2012). Because biological organisms, cells, tissues, and organs consist of molecules, constructed out of atoms, empirical and measurable features may be described by physics and chemistry. The genetic information storing molecules represent “aperiodic crystal structures” as assumed by Erwin Schroedinger.